AIM : To observe the root morphology and canal anatomy of chinese premolars.

目的: 了解前磨牙根部解剖结构特点,为临床治疗提供参考.

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Objective: To investigate the morphology of physiological foramen of mandibular premolars.

研究目的: 探讨下颌前磨牙生理性根尖孔的形态特征.

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To compare the different restorations of endodontically treated premolars, and to choose the best method.

目的从生物力学角度比较不同方法修复根管治疗后邻面缺损前磨牙的效果, 并探讨最佳的修复方案.

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Objective To research the preserved effect with complex therapy of the fractured premolars and molars.

目的研究后牙折裂综合治疗后的保存效果.

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