a phenomenon identified by researcher Manu Kapur.

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

In a paper published recently, Kapur applied the principle of productive failure to mathematical problem solving in three schools

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

The apparent struggles of the floundering (挣扎的）group have what Kapur calls a "hidden efficacy": they lead people to understand the deep structure of problems, not simply their correct solutions.

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

But, Kapur notes, none of us like to fail, no matter how often Silicon Valley entrepreneurs praise the beneficial effects of an idea that fails or a start-up company that crashes and burns

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

What does Kapur disapprove of in teaching?

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

What kind of problem should be given to students to solve according to Kapur

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

Kapur points out that while the model adopted by many teachers when introducing students to new knowledge―providing lots of structure and guidance early on, until the students show that they can do it on their own―makes intuitive sense, it may not be the best way to promote learning.

出自-2013年12月阅读原文

Kapur has identified three conditions that promote this kind of beneficial struggle

出自-2013年12月阅读原文